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          Welcome to

  DrDriving.org

 

We have written books and articles on driving psychology and have posted them on this site for your interest. We also post survey results and collections of road rage news and legislation. You'll find here the Web's largest collection of literature references on driving psychology and thousands of Web organized and annotated  links to sites of interest to driving and drivers. It's all free for your personal use. For other uses, please email us for permission. See also our privacy statement.

Aloha,

Dr. Leon James and Dr. Diane Nahl
Kailua, Hawaii

Web Address
:  DrDriving.org
Email letters@DrDriving.org    ||    interviews@DrDriving.org

About  ||  Read Dear DrDriving Letters and Answers

My Congressional Testimony on Aggressive Driving

Newspaper Stories on Aggressive Driving Quoting Leon James

Online Discussions of Controversial Driving Issues

Collection of Road Rage News Stories Around the World

Interviews with Dr. Leon James on aggressive driving, road rage, culture of violence, parking rage, and more...

List of Past Interviews ||  Interview Questions with Answers

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Road Rage News Stories in the News from Google (2007)

Cars, Drivers, Passengers | and | Relationships, Marriage, Romance

Cats in the News, Pet Psychology, Human Catheads, More...

 

road rageAbout 115 people die each day from traffic crashes in the U.S.

Nearly 42,000 people die every year from traffic crashes, sending four million more to emergency rooms and hospitalizing 400,000, half with permanent disabilities.

On-the-job traffic crashes cause 3000 deaths, 332,000 injuries and cost employers over $43 billion, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and can reduce employee productivity by 40 percent. road rage woman

In addition to the emotional toll, on-the-job traffic crashes annually cost employers about $3.5 billion in property damage, $7.9 million in medical care and emergency service taxes, $17.5 billion for wage premiums, $4.9 billion for workplace disruption (to hire and train either new employees or temporary employees) and $8.5 billion in disability and life insurance costs.

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   If you multiply these figures by 10 (one decade), automobile crashes in the U.S. mount to nearly half a million violent deaths every decade, and 2 million permanently disabled, costing about half a trillion dollars every decade.

 

Driving psychology in a lifelong driver education program tied to licensing and renewal, is the answer that will save most of this national and personal disaster. The articles below outline this solution.

400 billion aggressive exchanges per year in the U.S.Here is the way we figure it: 125 million (drivers on the road daily) X 1,000 (mini-exchanges between drivers during two commutes per day) X .01 (1 percent proportion of hostile or stressed exchanges) X 365 (days per year) = about 400 billion stressful or aggressive exchanges per year in the U.S.


You can keep scrolling or you can go directly to some of the Sections below: 

The Psychology Hypermiling  ||  The Merging Debate || The Emotional Use of the Gas Pedal ||   Articles by Leon James ||  Definition of Road Rage ||  Territoriality: What the Car Says About You || The Great Rubbernecking Debate ||  Tips for Truckers from DrDriving -- How to Deal With Anger ||


From: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Surface Transportation Of the Committee on Transportation and infrastructure House of representatives One hundred fifth congress July 17, 1997  Washington, D.C.

"Enforcement is important, Mr. Chairman, but we really need to study the causes behind road rage, and I'm looking forward to hearing from our witnesses this morning on ways in which we can identify and respond to the triggers which lead to aggressive driving. Perhaps we can incorporate some of these ideas when we move to reauthorize ISTEA."

"This committee has been fighting and will continue to fight to provide adequate funding so we can relieve congestion, and that certainly will have a very significant impact on reducing the aggressive driving that we're experiencing in this country."

"This committee does not have the capacity to change the emotions and the aggressive feelings of people out on the highway, but we do have a responsibility and the jurisdiction to try to change the environment which causes that aggression, and that environment is caused largely by congestion."
Members of the Committee


"In 15 years, I've identified many detailed psychological components of aggressive driving and have developed an empirically-based theory of what causes aggressive driving and what behavioral techniques can be used to measure and control it.

My research has confirmed to some degree nearly every driver has feelings of rage and thoughts of retaliation. For the past year, the media has increased coverage of road rage incidents, and people are asking questions for which scientific data are not yet available. Is aggressive driving increasing? Are there differences or is it a universal epidemic? What causes the increase in aggressive driving and how can it be controlled?

I think what's on the increase is the amount of habitual road rage we see today. I define habitual road rage as a persistent state of hostility behind the wheel, demonstrated by acts of aggression and a continuum of violence, and justified by righteous indignation.

Driving and habitual road rage have become virtually inseparable. Road rage is a habit acquired in childhood. Children are reared in a car culture that condones irate expression as part of the normal wear and tear of driving. Once they enter a car, children notice that all the sudden the rules have changed. It's okay to be mad, very upset, out of control, and use bad language that's ordinarily not allowed.

By the time they get their driver's license, adolescents have assimilated years of road rage. The road rage habit can be unlearned, but it takes more than conventional driver's ed."
Dr. Leon James


When did the term Road Rage enter our vocabulary?

"The expression "road rage" was first used in newspapers in England around
1990. Later the French newspapers began using the expression "rage au
volant" (literally: rage behind the wheel). At the same time Turkish
newspapers used the expression "your demon behind the wheel." Back in the
days of ancient Rome there was a law passed against "furious driving"
which tried to address the recklessness of drunk drivers of horse drawn
carriages. It is a world wide phenomenon. Our book Road Rage and
Aggressive Driving
came out in 2000. It was the first use of the
expression in a book title. Today the expression "road rage" is used daily
in dozens of newspapers around the world (see Google News search)."

Dr. Leon James in Atlanta Journal interview, December 14, 2008.

See Congressional Testimony by Dr. Leon James on Aggressive Driving
See Letters from Readers About My Congressional Testimony

book.gif (4305 bytes)    Excellent with the book:  ROAD RAGE AND AGGRESSIVE DRIVING

 "the definitive book on the aggressive driving epidemic."

 To read excerpts   ||   To order from Amazon.com

"With strong documentation and easy-to-follow steps, Dr. James and Dr. Nahl show us how to adopt a more gently paced way to stop racing against time and people to get someplace and truly enjoy getting there. They show us how being a better driver helps us lead a better, happier, healthier life." 
 Paul Pearsall, Ph.D. Author of
The Pleasure Prescription and Toxic Success: How to Stop Striving and Start Thriving

Concordance (learn more)
These are the 100 most frequently used words in this book. You can click on them to get to the page.

2000  act  actions  against  aggressive  anger  another  attitude  behavior  behind  between  car  change  children  control  crashes  down  drive  drivers  driving  education  emotional  emotions  enforcement  even  feel  feeling  first  get  give  go  going  good  habits  help  highway  incident  keep  know  lane  law  left  let  light  limit  making  may  motorists  need  negative  new  now  number  often  online  others  own  passengers  people  percent  person  police  positive  practice  problem  program  rage  right  road  safety  see  show  signs  since  situation  skills  slow  someone  speed  state  stop  stress  systems  take  things  think  thinking  thoughts  three  time  traffic  turn  two  use  vehicle  want  wheel  without  year  yourself 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Articles on this Site Free for your use

Aggressive Driving, Road Rage, Driving Psychology, Personality Makeovers, Air Rage, Pedestrian and Bicycling Safety, Bullying Rage, Surfing Rage, Parking Rage, Safety Education and Driving Courses, Elderly Drivers, Truck, Emergency, and School Bus Driving, Law Enforcement and Legislation, Classified and Linked Collections of Web Sites and Research References, Pets Psychology, Cars and Romance, and more...
by
Dr. Leon James

 

 

  1. My Congressional Testimony on the Psychology of Road Rage and Aggressive Driving

  2. Our Road Rage and Aggressive Driving Book -- Excerpts and Index 

  3. Dealing with stress and pressure in the vehicle. Taxonomy of Driving Behavior:  Affective, Cognitive, Sensorimotor

  4. A New Paradigm for a Global Lifelong Driver Education Curriculum

  5. Two concept Papers: Instituting a Program of Lifelong Traffic Safety Training
    and Promoting the Spread of Quality Driving Circles (QDC) for Post-Licensing Driver Self-improvement Programs

  6. Lifelong Driver's Education: A New Socio-Behavioral Proposal

  7. Driving Psychology Principles

  8. Aggressive Driving is Emotionally Impaired Driving

  9. Aggressive Driving is Emotionally Impaired Driving Conference Paper Summary Principles, Handouts, Analyses, and Charts

  10. Driver Personality Survey Results: Driving With Emotional Intelligence

  11. Gender and Driving--Men vs. Women

  12. Driving Personality Makeovers

  13. Musings of a Traffic Psychologist in Traffic--Social Psychology of Driving 

  14. Partnership Driving

  15. Philosophy of Driving

  16. Principles of Driving Psychology

  17. Psychology and Driving

  18. Violence and Driving--A Mental Health Issue

  19. QDC--Quality Driving Circles or Support Groups

  20. 3-Step Program for Changing Your Driving Habits

  21. Data On the Private World of the Driver (thoughts and feelings)

  22. What Drivers Complain About Arranged by Feelings, Thoughts, and Acts

  23. Traffic Emotions Education Cards

  24. DrDriving's Rating of the Strength of Aggressive Driving Language in Legislation

  25. Common Driving Habits and What To Do About Them

  26. Cars, Drivers, Passengers and Relationships, Marriage, Romance

  27. Drivers Against Pedestrians: How to Change Attitudes -- Checklist for Your Tendency to Pressure Pedestrians -- Your Emotional Intelligence Towards Pedestrians

  28. Pedestrian Psychology and Safety

  29. Pedestrian Rage

  30. Bicycling Safety Information -- The War Against Drivers

  31. The Psychology of Air Rage Prevention With Compassionate Crowd Management Techniques

  32. Driving Informatics and Links

  33. Driving Information and Links

  34. Driving Topics and Web Links

  35. Birds Stories: The Social Psychology of a Backyard Aviary

  36. Songs About Driving Cars on Roads and Highways

Follow the Great Merging Debate
 -- Use Both Lanes or Not?

How do you handle the situation?

  1. Driving Literature References

  2. Largest Collection of Road Rage and Driving Tips on the Web (1996-2007)

  3. 9 Zones of Your Driving Personality

  4. Acts of Kindness while Driving

  5. DBB Ratings--Drivers Behaving Badly Movie Ratings

  6. Distracted Driving: Cell phones, Multitasking

  7. Red Light Running

  8. Collection of Statistics, Facts, Advice, Tips

  9. Analyzing Newsgroups for Drivers--Student Reports

  10. Workshop Charts on Getting a Grip on Anger while Driving

  11. Music and Driving

  12. For Law Enforcement and Safety Officials: Aggressive Driving Questions and Answers

  13. Chart of Your Driving Personality

  14. Principles of Christian Driving Psychology

  15. Road Rage Overview

  16. Driver Personality Test

  17. Driving Vignettes

  18. Driving Cartoons

  19. DrDriving's Advice for Managing Your Own Road Rage

  20. Hawaii Road Rage and Driving Issues

  21. The New Driver Education for the Year 2000

  22. Collection of Road Rage News Stories Around the World

  23. Interview Answers on Road Rage and Other Rages for Various News Sources

  24. The Psychology of Parking Rage: Threestep Program For Prevention

  25. Driver Personality Test and Results

  26. Rage-Depression Survey Results for Age

  27. Rage-Depression Survey Results for Gender

  28. Rage-Depression Survey Results for Education

  29. Rage-Depression Survey Results for Age, Gender, Education

  30. Rage-Depression Survey Results: Notebook with Selections and Links

  31. Emotional Reactions to the September 11 Attack

  32. Half a Century of Science in Psychology: Scientific Neologisms Coined by Leon James For the Period 1958-2008

  33. Pets Psychology and Rage-Depression -- Pet Loss Support, Human Catheads, More...

Site Map  ||  Search this Site

Teen Drivers | Elderly Drivers | Parking Rage | Truck Drivers | School Buses | Emergency Vehicles | Police and Legislation | Boat Rage | RoadRageous Video Course | Distracted Driving | Bicycling | Motorcyclists and Aggressiveness || Excerpts About Bicyclists From Our Book  || Surf Rage | Emotional Spin Cycle | Bookstore | Road Rage Book | Road Rage Articles

Index to Controversial Issues Debated

including these topics: 
Issues Part 1 -- Right Lane vs. Left Lane Feelings | Tailgating | Social Responsibility
Issues Part 2 -- Driving the Speed Limit | PSA Radio Spots | Car Phones | Automatic Pilot | DUI Counseling
Issues Part 3 -- Why I Tailgate | Coned Lane: When to Merge | Social Responsibility
Issues Part 4 -- Road Rage | Driver Education | Driving Personality | Stereotypes About Women Drivers
Issues Part 5 -- Merging When Lane is Coned | Continuing Driver Education
Issues Part 6 -- Good Drivers' Association | Slay Your Driving Dragon
Issues Part 7 -- What B.A.D. Drivers Do
Issues Part 8 -- Tailgating and Aloha Spirit Driving
Issues Part 14 -- Aggressive Drivers and Road Rage | New Name "Crashes" vs. "Accidents" |
Issues Part 15 -- Princess Diana: The Road Rage Incident of the Century: Day 1
Issues Part 26 -- Speed limits | DUI | Crosswalks |Traffic calming methods | .

Index to Controversial Issues Debated  ||  Search this Site


Drivers 'don't regret road rage'

Nearly two in three drivers have engaged in road rage in the last three years and nearly all thought their behaviour was justified, a poll shows.

More than 10% of motorists even admitted it could be good to be a bit aggressive on the road.

And nearly 60% of the road ragers said they had behaved badly after being annoyed by the poor driving of others, the survey from Zurich Insurance found.

From: The Press Association April 4, 2008.
http://ukpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5jAI4WQu3eiCA1bHjcqIESg7gHFCA 


Best Driver in the World Blog: http://bestdriver.blogspot.com/ Check out the solutions.

One In Six Have Been Road Rage Victims

4/19/2008

- And nearly 300,000 have had cars damaged in road rage incidents, says MoneyExpert.com

One in six drivers have been victims of road rage incidents in the past 12 months, new research from www.moneyexpert.com * shows.

More than 7.4 million motorists have been involved in confrontations with other drivers with younger drivers the most likely to be on the receiving end of other road users’ anger, the independent financial comparison website says.

The survey found that nearly 300,000 drivers had their cars damaged as a result of road rage confrontations – graphically illustrating the need for insurance. According to the RAC Foundation some ten per cent of drivers have been involved in an accident with an uninsured driver.

Several motor insurers such as Sainsbury’s Bank, which pays up to £1,000 compensation if drivers are assaulted, offer cover for road rage as part of their standard policies while others such as women-only insurer Sheila’s Wheels provide counselling services.

Sean Gardner of MoneyExpert.com, said: “Most of us will have lost our tempers while stuck in traffic and can sympathise with the sense of frustration felt by other drivers.

“But any sympathy goes out of the window for drivers who take out their anger on others. Shouting and swearing at other motorists is bad enough but damaging other drivers’ cars is beyond the pale.

“Our study did not thankfully find any evidence of physical assault but that is perhaps more down to luck than anything else. The fact that one in six of us has suffered from road rage is worrying. And of course many of us may be guilty of road rage ourselves.”

MoneyExpert.com estimates that around one in twenty fully comprehensive car insurance policies have a specific allowance for personal injury caused by road rage. However there are often exceptions and caveats, such as whether you caused the altercation and whether you are related to your assailant.

The most common form of road rage reported by motorists is tailgating – driving too close to another car – or other forms of aggressive driving. Around three-quarters of those who have suffered road rage in the past year were tailgated.

Half of the road rage incidents reported by motorists resulted in verbal confrontation while four per cent saw cars being damaged.

Around 16 per cent of motorists say they have suffered road rage in the past year – that rises to 19 per cent of 18 to 34-year-old motorists. Drivers aged 55 or over are least likely to be victims.

Drivers in the North of England are more likely to be road rage victims with 18 per cent reporting incidents while just 12 per cent of motorists in London have been victims.

From: http://www.webitpr.com/release_detail.asp?ReleaseID=8303 


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traffic close upThe Effect of Age, Gender, and Type of Car Driven Across the States

by Dr. Leon James (2001)

http://www.drdriving.org/surveys/interpretations.htm

Summary:

The pattern of results thus far lead me to the following conclusions:

Aggressive driving is made up of a syndrome of habits that stick together
with plenty of individual variation.

Young drivers are more aggressive in all driving behaviors than older
drivers; senior drivers are the least aggressive.

Men are more aggressive than women when they drive sports cars and light
trucks (S-10, Pick-up, Ram, Ranger, F-150, Silverado, Dakota, etc.); women
are more aggressive than men when they drive SUVs and luxury cars. For
economy and family cars, it depends on the specific behavior.

There appear to be three psychological categories of vehicles people
drive: tough driving cars (sports, light trucks, SUVs), soft driving cars
(economy, family), and special driving cars (vans, luxury). Each of these
psychological categories has its own aggressive driving syndrome that
distinguishes it from the others.

It is evident that aggressive driving is a cultural norm that is generationally transmitted as a habit imbibed in childhood when riding with parents and reinforced by repeated media portrayals of drivers
behaving badly. To get us out of this, I propose a program of Lifelong Driver Education.


Eastbourne course will help women fight road rage

By Emily-Ann Elliott  6/6/2008

Women drivers are to be taught how to use everyday objects to defend themselves against road rage maniacs. (...)

Publicity material for the event on June 12 states: "As part of the course, volunteers from the audience will be invited to take part in role-play by a personal self-protection specialist and learn how to beat the bullies behind the wheel and, if diplomacy fails, how to use everyday objects normally found about one's person for self-protection and to ensure a rapid escape from a would-be attacker." (...)

Gail Taylor, marketing manager of Eastbourne Motoring Centre, said: "Personal safety and security are imperative for everyone, particularly women today. "The menace of aggressive, inconsiderate driving on our roads seems to be increasing at the moment and we believe that all it takes is a little care and consideration to avoid situations which can escalate into the kinds of tragic incidents we have all heard about recently. "We want women to enjoy their independence and freedom and be able to travel safely and confidently on our roads. "We hope that, by highlighting the risks facing women drivers, the course will provide them with a wealth of information and practical advice." (...)

From: http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/generalnews/display.var.2321526.0.eastbourne_course_will_
help_women_fight_road_rage.php

See also: Gender and Driving--Men vs. Women



Driving literacy facts that every driver needs to know!

by Dr. Leon James  6/08

World wide, about 1.5 million people are killed in road accidents every year -- that's 15 million killed on the roads every decade. Road accident research has pointed towards driver error in the majority of cases. In the U.S. about 42,000 traffic fatalities occur every year and about 1.5 million injuries annually at a total cost of 200 billion dollars -- that means in every decade we kill 420,000 Americans on the roads, injure 15 million Americans on the road, and pay a whopping two trillion dollar cost in repairs, injuries, insurance, and economic loss.  Our foreign oil dependence and domestic shortage would be solved if we stopped using the gas pedal emotionally in traffic every day.

Almost all of "driver error" can be traced to insufficient emotional intelligence training behind the wheel. All drivers can train themselves to acquire emotional intelligence behind the wheel. We have proposed that driver education start early in elementary school when we can train young people to acquire respect and compassion for others in public places -- pedestrians, drivers, passengers, road workers, law enforcement. We describe a threestep method for driver personality makeovers. Every individual is raised to be an aggressive driver and pedestrian through years of training on the back seat of the car driven by parents and other adults -- road rage nursery! Add up the years of daily television watching and video gaming involving drivers behaving aggressively, dangerously, and violently. By the time we start driving we automatically drive aggressively, have competitive feelings and intentions behind the wheel.

The threestep self-modification approach can provide adult drivers with a new supportive driver personality style, to replace the aggressive driving feelings, emotions, intentions, judgments, condemnations, and acts of risk and folly that all of us experience and tolerate on a daily basis. Driving is the most dangerous thing we do on a regular basis, and it has the highest cost as well. We can change that.


Useful statistics

on car crashes and injuries may also be found on these Web sites:
www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov 
www.safecarguide.com/exp/statistics/statistics.htm
www.car-accidents.com/pages/stats.html www.transport-links.org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_771_Pa3568.pdf


 Best solution for traffic woes? Eliminating the drivers

By Emily Mulhausen - Columbia News Service | Saturday, May 17, 2008
(...) The best way to eliminate congestion, some experts say, is to take the driver out of the driver's seat. "We wouldn't have to deal with people behind the wheel," said Dr. Jerry Schneider, a University of Washington professor emeritus of urban planning and civil engineering. "It would be a totally hands-off, brain-off experience."
Driverless design concepts include Personal Rapid Transit, which involves passenger taxi-pods on rails; automatic highway systems that direct driverless cars using magnetic guidelines; and dual-mode systems with cars that can be driven normally on smaller roads and for shorter distances, but could go driverless on specialized electric rails, or "guideways," for high-speed controlled travel.
"In the morning you would drop the kids off at school, drive to the guideway, sit back, read the paper, and automatically get off where you want to go," said Kirston Henderson, the president and inventor of MegaRail Transportation Systems, a dual-mode company based in Texas. (...)
Indeed, increased efficiency from higher speeds, standardized spacing between cars and driverless driving could dramatically increase road capacities. A normal highway lane can carry about 2,000 cars an hour, Schneider said, while a dual-mode "lane" could handle 15,000 or more. Traffic congestion is a "$78 billion annual drain on the U.S. economy in the form of 4.2 billion lost hours and 2.9 billion gallons of wasted fuel," says the Texas Transportation Institute in its 2007 Urban Mobility Report, with the average rush hour commuter losing $710 a year while stuck in traffic. (...)
But solutions that focus on the physical aspects of traffic may be overlooking the real problem.

"Congestion is often not caused by the road, but by the way drivers are driving," said Dr. Leon James, a psychology professor at the University of Hawaii and a pioneer in the small field of traffic psychology. When one driver in traffic makes a mistake, tailgates, or changes lanes unnecessarily, hundreds of cars may have to suddenly put on the brakes.

"We call it a traffic wave," he said. "Everything suddenly slows to a crawl, but there's no obstruction."

That, in turn, has a psychological effect. "Congestion makes you feel frustrated and panicky," said James, who recommends a program of lifelong driver's education to help deal with the cognitive problems caused by driving. "Many people are driving around in a constant seething rage." (...)
From:  http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2008/05/19/lifeandtimes/
z3911e14ab4f1274b8825744a005df393.txt 

See also a Web site on traffic waves.
Watch a a brief YouTube video called  Shockwave traffic jams recreated for first time

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Moffat: Violent Heart: Understanding Aggressive Individuals

Traffic accidents lead to approximately 40,000 deaths per year in the US. The world toll in 1999 was 1 million deaths and 40 million injuries In 2020, the worldwide death toll from traffic accidents is expected to rise to about 2.3 million Road accidents are the leading cause of death for males 15-44. Pedestrians and cyclists accounted for 19.3% of all traffic fatalities in the US and 13 Western European nations in 1992. of all crashes: 85% are attributed to road user error

Directory of Topics in Driving Informatics with Web Links